02 - Objects, Fields, Page Layouts, Record Types¶

Standard objects¶

The big ones the exam tests:

• Account - companies (B2B) or households
• Person Account (combines Account + Contact for B2C) - opt-in feature
• Contact - individuals
• Lead - unqualified prospects; convert to Account + Contact + Opportunity
• Opportunity - sales deals in progress
• Case - support tickets
• Campaign - marketing campaigns; track members
• Product / Pricebook / Pricebook Entry - what you sell
• Quote / Quote Line Item - quotes generated from Opportunities
• Order / Order Product - orders
• Asset - sold products tracked over their lifecycle
• Contract - customer contracts
• Activity / Task / Event - activities related to records
• Knowledge - support articles

Account-Contact relationship¶

• One account, many contacts
• A contact can have multiple accounts via Contacts to Multiple Accounts feature

Opportunity-Lead relationship¶

Lead is converted to:

• Account (existing or new)
• Contact (existing or new)
• Opportunity (optional - check the box during conversion)

After conversion, the Lead is read-only / converted state.

Custom objects¶

Creating a custom object¶

Setup → Object Manager → Create. Specifies:

• Singular and Plural label
• Object name (auto-suffixed __c)
• Record name (Auto Number or Text)
• Allow Reports / Activities / Search
• Object features

Custom object limits (Enterprise edition)¶

• 800 custom objects per org
• 800 custom fields per object
• 1,000 custom relationships per object

When to create a custom object¶

If your data has its own lifecycle, fields, security model, automation. Examples: Project, Asset Inventory, Training Record, Inspection.

Don't create one when fields on a standard object would suffice.

Field types in detail¶

Text variants¶

Numeric¶

• Number - integer or decimal, configurable digits + decimals
• Currency - locale-aware
• Percent - stored as percentage value

Lookup vs Master-Detail (THE most-tested distinction)¶

Master-Detail rules¶

• Child has up to 2 master-detail relationships
• Once 1 MD is on the child, can't be deleted standalone (orphan); convert to Lookup first
• Can convert Lookup → MD only if all existing records have a value in the lookup field

Roll-Up Summary¶

Aggregates child records into the parent (Master-Detail only):

• COUNT - count children
• SUM, MIN, MAX - on a numeric / date / currency field
• Filter criteria optional

Formula fields¶

Read-only calculated fields. Can reference:

• Other fields on same record
• Parent fields (one level via lookup)
• Owner fields, system fields ($Profile, $User, etc.)
• Metadata via $CustomMetadata

Limit: max compiled size 4000 chars; max formula characters 3,900.

Cross-object formulas¶

Reference parent record's fields via lookup (10 levels deep). E.g., on Contact, reference Account.Name.

Hierarchical relationship¶

Lookup specifically for User to User (e.g., Manager field on User).

External ID¶

Field marked as External ID is indexed and searchable; can be used in upsert operations to match incoming data without Salesforce IDs.

Global picklists¶

Define a value set once, reuse across fields/objects. Easier to maintain.

Page layouts¶

Define which fields, sections, related lists are visible on a record page (in Salesforce Classic) or which fields/sections are visible in a Lightning Record Page's Details section.

Per-record-type, per-profile assignment.

Lightning Record Pages¶

Modern equivalent built in Lightning App Builder. Drag-drop components on a canvas. Page layout still drives the Details section.

Record Types¶

Different "flavors" of the same object with:

• Different page layouts
• Different picklist values
• Different default values
• Different processes (Sales Process for Opportunity, Lead Process for Lead)

Common scenarios¶

• B2B Opportunity vs B2C Opportunity (different stages, fields)
• Prospect Lead vs Existing Customer Lead
• Different regional flavors

Assigning record types¶

• Default record type per profile
• User can pick from available record types when creating new record
• Profile can be limited to specific record types

Lightning App Builder¶

Drag-drop component-based page authoring.

Components¶

• Standard: Highlights Panel, Activity Timeline, Path, Related Lists, Details, Chatter, etc.
• Custom Lightning Components (built by developers)
• AppExchange components

Page assignment¶

• App default
• Per-app
• Per-record-type
• Per-profile

Component visibility¶

Filter components to show only when:

• Record field equals some value
• User has specific permissions
• App is a specific app

Powerful for tailoring UI to roles.

Page layout vs Lightning Record Page (LRP)¶

In Lightning Experience:

• The Lightning Record Page is the canvas (what most users see)
• The Page Layout is one component on the LRP (specifically, the "Record Detail" section)

You configure:

• Field placement and section structure → Page Layout
• Component layout (Highlights Panel, Path, Related Lists, etc.) → Lightning Record Page

For maximum customization, use Lightning Record Page; minor field tweaks can be done in the Page Layout alone.

Common exam triggers¶

• "Sum of all child Order Products on Order" → Roll-Up Summary on Master-Detail relationship
• "Two flavors of Opportunity, different stages" → Sales Process + Record Types
• "Mass change picklist value across multiple objects" → Use Global Picklist Value Set
• "Field that's calculated and read-only" → Formula Field
• "Reference parent Account name from Contact record" → Cross-object formula via Account.Name
• "Match incoming data to existing records by an external system's ID" → External ID field + Upsert via Data Loader
• "Hide a section from sales but show to finance" → Field-Level Security or different page layouts per profile
• "Different page when record type = New" → Lightning Record Page with component visibility filter on Record Type
• "User-to-User reference (manager)" → Hierarchical relationship field
• "Prevent orphan records when a parent is deleted" → Use Master-Detail (auto cascade)
• "Allow orphan records (parent can be deleted independently)" → Use Lookup